commentary
When the language in a work of literature such as "Beowulf" is difficult to understand, it is helpful to read from an edition that includes a commentary — an explanation or expansion or criticism added to the original material.
Editorials go hand-in-hand with commentaries, since both express a writer's opinions. Commentary can be oral as well as written. Each year, following the President's State of the Union address, you can tune into the networks for commentary from respected news anchors. In fact, political commentary has become so pervasive in our media that some feel it has replaced reporting.
harbor
n. 海港; 海湾; 避难所; 躲藏处;
vt.& vi. 心怀; 庇护; 避入安全地; （船）入港停泊;
A harbor is a safe place providing refuge and comfort. If you're traveling, the harbor provided by a warm hotel is welcome. For ships, a harbor is a sheltered port area shielded from waves, where it's safe to dock.
港口是提供庇护和舒适的安全场所。如果您正在旅行，欢迎入住温暖的酒店提供的港口。对于船舶来说，港口是一个避风港，可以在那里安全停靠。
Harbor can also be used as a verb, which describes maintaining a belief or a feeling. If you harbor ill-will toward your neighbor John, you don't like him much. Harbor can also mean you hold back your ideas and don't express them openly. John may have no idea you hate him if you harbor your true feelings deep inside, but…
despicable
卑鄙的
Stealing the last piece of food from a starving child goes way beyond mean. It's despicable — a vile and harmful act.
从一个挨饿的孩子那里偷最后一块食物是不可能的。这是可鄙的-一种卑鄙和有害的行为。
Mean, nasty, and scummy are synonyms of despicable, but they don't fully convey the awfulness of despicable. A man who lies to get a promotion meant for his co-worker would be considered mean. But the despicable man — the one who is so awful and worthless that he deserves to be despised — is the one who burns down the office building and frames his co-worker for it.
卑鄙、下流和卑鄙是卑鄙的同义词，但它们并不能完全传达卑鄙的可怕。如果一个男人为了给同事升职而撒谎，那他就被认为是卑鄙的。但那个卑鄙的人——那个如此卑鄙，毫无价值，值得被鄙视的人——是那个烧毁了办公楼并为之陷害同事的人。
downright
adj. 明白的；直率的；显明的
adv. 完全，彻底；全然
The adjective downright is used to emphasize something, or to mean "utterly." For example, you could say that your brother's loud and junky old car is a downright embarrassment.
形容词downright用来强调某件事，或是“完全”的意思。例如，你可以说你哥哥那辆又大又破的老爷车是一种彻底的尴尬。
Downright works as an adjective or adverb, so you can describe your dad's brownies as downright delicious, your sister's terrible jokes as downright awful, or your loss of the spelling bee as a downright disgrace. In the thirteenth century, downright meant "straight down," but it had changed by 1300, to instead mean "thoroughly."
Downright是一个形容词或副词，所以你可以把你爸爸的布朗尼形容为非常美味，你姐姐的恶作剧形容为非常糟糕，或者你失去拼字能力是一种彻底的耻辱。在十三世纪，Downright的意思是“直下”，但它已经改变了1300，而不是“彻底”。
trample
践踏
To trample is to forcefully walk right over something or someone. If you fall down during a footrace, another runner might trample you.
践踏就是在某物或某人身上用力地走。如果你在赛跑中摔倒，另一个跑步者可能会践踏你。
When you trample, you're stomping or stamping: it's the opposite of walking on tippy toes. A dog might trample a flower garden while chasing a ball, and an angry child might deliberately trample her sister's sandcastle, flattening it with her feet. The verb trample comes from tramp, "walk heavily or stamp," which is rooted in the Middle Low German word trampen, "to tramp, stamp, or press upon."
当你践踏的时候，你是在跺脚或跺脚：这与脚尖着地走路是相反的。一只狗追逐一个球时可能会践踏一个花园，一个愤怒的孩子可能会故意践踏她姐姐的沙堡，用脚压扁它。动词trample来源于tramp，“沉重地行走或盖章”，它来源于中低德语单词trampen，“践踏、盖章或施压”。
expediency
权宜之计
Expediency gets you what you want. While its tone can be neutral, expediency often suggests self-interest, possibly at the expense of doing what's right.
权宜之计能满足你的需要。虽然它的语气可以是中立的，但权宜往往意味着利己主义，可能是以做正确的事为代价。
Expediency comes from the word expedient, which derived from the Latin expedientem, meaning "beneficial." The negative aspect of the word came about in the 18th Century, taking on the aspect of doing something in the most convenient and advantageous manner, even though that way might be against conventional ethics. As W. Somerset Maugham once wrote, “The most useful thing about a principle is that it can always be sacrificed to expediency.”
权宜之计一词来源于“权宜之计”，这个词来源于拉丁语的权宜之计，意思是“有益的”。这个词的消极方面出现在18世纪，表现为以最方便和有利的方式做一些事情，尽管这样做可能违背传统伦理。正如W.Somerset Maugham曾经写道的，“关于一个原则，最有用的是它总是可以被牺牲为权宜之计。”