Nirvana（Pure Land.Western Paradise.nirvana .Elysian Fields）

Translations of Nirvana

English liberation, salvation

Pali निब्बान

(nibbāna)

Sanskrit निर्वाण

(IAST: nirvāṇa)

Bengali নির্বাণ

(nirbanô)

Burmese နိဗ္ဗာန်

Chinese 涅槃

(Pinyin: nièpán)

Japanese 涅槃

(rōmaji: nehan)

Khmer និព្វាន

(UNGEGN: nippean)

Korean 열반

(RR: yeolban)

Mon နဳဗာန်

([nìppàn])

Mongolian Нирваан дүр

(nirvaan dür)

Shan ၼိၵ်ႈပၢၼ်ႇ

([nik3paan2])

Sinhalese නිර්වාණ

(nivana)

Tibetan མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ།

(mya ngan las 'das pa)

Thai นิพพาน

(RTGS: nipphan)

Vietnamese niết bàn

Indonesian nirwana

Prakrit: णिव्वाण ṇivvāṇa) literally means "blown out", as in an oil lamp. The term "nirvana" is most commonly associated with Jainism and Buddhism, and represents its ultimate state of soteriological release, the liberation from repeated rebirth in saṃsāra.

In Indian religions, nirvana is synonymous with moksha and mukti. All Indian religions assert it to be a state of perfect quietude, freedom, highest happiness as well as the liberation from or ending of samsara, the repeating cycle of birth, life and death.

However, Buddhist and non-Buddhist traditions describe these terms for liberation differently. In the Buddhist context, nirvana refers to realization of non-self and emptiness, marking the end of rebirth by stilling the fires that keep the process of rebirth going. In Hindu philosophy, it is the union of or the realization of the identity of Atman with Brahman, depending on the Hindu tradition. In Jainism, it is also the soteriological goal, it represents the release of a soul from karmic bondage and samsara.[14]

Etymology

The term nirvana in the soteriological sense of "blown out, extinguished" state of liberation does not appear in the Vedas nor in the Upanishads. According to Collins, "the Buddhists seem to have been the first to call it nirvana." However, the ideas of spiritual liberation using different terminology, with the concept of soul and Brahman, appears in Vedic texts and Upanishads. This may have been deliberate use of words in early Buddhism, suggests Collins, since Atman and Brahman were described in Vedic texts and Upanishads with the imagery of fire, as something good, desirable and liberating.

翻译的涅槃

英语

liberation, salvation

巴利语निब्बान

(nibbāna)

梵文निर्वाण

(IAST:nirvāṇa)

孟加拉নির্বাণ

(nirbano)

缅甸နိဗ္ဗာန်

中国的涅槃

(拼音:niepan)

日本的涅槃

(rōmaji:nehan)

高棉និព្វាន

(UNGEGN: nippean)

韩国열반

(RR:yeolban)

monနဳဗာန်

([nippan])

蒙古Нирваандүр

(nirvaan大调的)

山ၼိၵ်ႈပၢၼ်ႇ

([nik3paan2])

僧伽罗人නිර්වාණ

(nivana)

西藏མྱ་ངན་ལས་འདས་པ།

(mya ngan las 'das pa)

泰国นิพพาน

(银行均:nipphan)

越南niết禁令

印尼nirwana

古代印度语:णिव्वाणṇivvāṇa)的字面意思是“吹”,如一个油灯。“涅槃”一词最常与耆那教和佛教有关,并代表其最终状态soteriological释放,解放在saṃsāra反复重生。

在印度宗教中，涅槃是莫克沙和穆克提的同义词。印度所有的宗教都宣称它是一种完美的宁静、自由、最高的幸福，以及从轮回(出生、生与死的轮回)中解脱或结束的状态。

然而，佛教和非佛教传统对这些解放术语的描述是不同的。在佛教语境中，涅槃指的是实现非我和空性，通过熄灭火来标志重生的结束。在印度哲学中，它是阿特曼与婆罗门身份的结合或实现，取决于印度传统。在耆那教中，它也是信物论的目标，它代表灵魂从业力束缚和轮回中解脱出来

词源

涅盘这个术语在“被吹灭、熄灭”的解脱状态的soteriological意义上没有出现在吠陀和奥义书中。根据柯林斯的说法，“佛教徒似乎是第一个称之为涅槃的人。”然而，在吠陀文本和奥义书中，出现了使用不同术语的精神解放思想，以及灵魂和婆罗门的概念。柯林斯认为，这可能是早期佛教中有意使用的词语，因为吠陀文本和奥义书中用火的意象来描述阿特曼和婆罗门，认为它们是美好、可取和自由的。