William wheeler is a giant who can't be ignored because of his perfectionist personality and shooting style. He is an American Hollywood 30 s to 50 s are very active director, he was born in Alsace, France in Paris, France in 1922, national music school, ran into the star's founder, Calvin lai Merle, lai's just is the universal pictures company boss relatives, so lai's tried to encourage and recommend William wheeler, universal pictures, work in the United States, he also felt that the United States in the new world means opportunity and success, as a result, William wheeler soon came to the United States.
After working as a number two in the film production process at universal studios, he began directing in 1925, at a time when the talking film era was coming to a close and the silent film era was drawing to a close. He began by directing mostly westerns, most notably "inferno" (1929). Not long after, throughout the 1930s, he entered the golden age of his film career. The 1930s were a period of economic decline in the United States, and there was a great depression. At this time, he mainly adapted and shot films based on some famous literary works. In 1937, he adapted and shot the film "the dead corner" based on hellman's drama, which won the audience's praise. In the same year, he made the movie "red shirt tears", which tells the tragedy of the life of a girl in the American south on the eve of the American civil war. Star bette Davis won the best actress at the 11th Academy Awards for her performance in the film. In 1939, he adapted the novel wuthering heights by the British female writer Bronte into a film of the same name, starring the outstanding British actor lauren oliver. The film was a great success.
He directed the film "little fox" in 1941 and the film "the home of the brave" in 1942, which won the Oscar for best picture, best director and other six awards, this time because of the Pearl Harbor incident, the United States has declared war on Japan and Germany, the birth of the film is really at the right time. It tells the story of the crazy German bombing of the British period in 1939, a home in the rear support of the British war against Germany hostess life, shaping a noble and brave image of British women. The film served as a great morale booster during world war ii, when British prime minister Winston Churchill wrote to Louis mayer, the boss of MGM, who produced the film, saying it was "the best wartime mobilization, worth 100 battleships". After making the film, William wheeler went to war as a major in the air force. At the Academy Awards ceremony, William wheeler's wife, who took his place, told the crowd that he was in the skies over Germany, making a documentary about air combat in the face of enemy fire.
After world war ii, William wheeler returned to Hollywood to continue his filmmaking. In 1946, his film "the golden age" won eight awards, including best picture and best director. This film tells the story of three soldiers who returned to their hometown after the end of world war ii and found the meaning of life again, because it touched the contemporary reality of the United States, reflected the major social problems, and aroused people's welcome and resonance.
But soon, the American council for non-american activities began purgatory in American art and culture, blacklisting William wheeler in 1947 as sympathetic to communism and the communist party. William wheeler, one of the "ten gentlemen" of the time, dismissed their charges as unconstitutional. In the end, he was temporarily suspended from directing the film. As McCarthyism was rampant in the United States at that time, Hollywood films began to decline under the attack of political movement and TV.
Crises often create heroes. William wheeler is an important figure in the revitalization of Hollywood. In 1953, he directed the film Roman holiday, which unearthed the outstanding actress Audrey Hepburn. This well-known film tells the story of a British princess on holiday in Rome, and an American journalist met the sentimental love story. The leading actor is peck, and the leading actress Audrey Hepburn won the best actress Oscar for this film.
And this period, it is the challenge that Hollywood faces TV most austere period. 1959 William wheeler, director of the blockbuster "Ben hur", has won the Oscar for best picture, best director and other 11 awards, has created the Oscar award in the film age records, so far there is no other film to break the record, also make the Hollywood found a magic weapon against television, to make the audience flocking to the cinema. The film is an epic story about a young jewish man in ancient Rome who finally defeated his enemies and became a hero. It is grand and full of twists and turns, bringing new vitality and vigor to Hollywood.
Bingxu is a peak reached by William wheeler, and also a peak of American film. After that, William. Wheeler, whose major films include the collector in 1965, funny girls in 1968 and the emancipation of Jones in 1970, received the thalberg memorial award from the academy of motion picture arts and sciences in 1965 and a lifetime achievement award from the academy in 1976.
William wheeler created 14 acting Oscar winners and himself won three Academy Awards for best director. His golden age, Roman holiday and Ben hur are already classics in film history. Known for his perfectionist streak, he often shoots repeatedly, earning himself the title "wheeler in 99 takes."
威廉·惠勒
威廉·惠勒是一个无法忽视的巨匠，因为他追求完美的性格和拍摄作风。他是美国好莱坞三十年代到五十年代都非常活跃的大导演，他出生在法国的阿尔萨斯，1922年在法国巴黎国立音乐学院学习的时候，碰见了美国明星制的创建人卡文·莱默尔，莱默尔刚好是美国环球影业公司老板的亲戚，所以莱默尔就极力地怂恿和推荐威廉·惠勒到美国环球影业工作，他也觉得美国新大陆意味着机会和成功，于是，威廉·惠勒很快就来到了美国。
在环球制片公司担任了一些电影制作过程中的副手之后，1925年他开始担任导演，这个时候，有声电影时代很快就要来临了，正是默片时代的尾声。他一开始导演的大都是西部片，代表作是1929年导演的《地狱英雄》。没有过多久，在整个三十年代，他进入了自己电影生涯的辉煌时期。三十年代是美国经济衰退时期，有过一个大萧条，但是给大众营造梦想的好莱坞的制片业，却并没有衰落，相反却十分繁荣。这个时候，他主要是根据一些文学名作改编拍摄成电影，1937年，他根据海尔曼的话剧，改编拍摄了影片《死角》，获得了观众的好评。同一年，他拍摄的电影《红衫泪痕》，影片讲述了美国南北战争前夕，一个美国南方姑娘的生活悲剧。主演贝蒂·戴维斯因为在影片中的出色表演，而获得了第11届奥斯卡最佳女主角奖。1939年他根据英国女作家勃朗特的小说《呼啸山庄》改编拍摄了同名电影，主演是英国杰出的演员劳伦·奥立佛，影片获得了很大的成功。
1941年他执导了电影《小狐狸》，1942年执导的影片《忠勇之家》，获得了奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演等六项大奖，这个时候美国因为珍珠港事件，已经对日本和德国宣战，影片的诞生真是恰逢其时。它讲述了在1939年德国疯狂轰炸英国时期，一个在后方支持英国对德国作战的家庭女主人的生活，塑造了一个高尚勇敢的英国妇女形象。这部影片在二战期间，起到了很好的鼓舞士气的作用，当时的英国首相丘吉尔就写信给制作这部影片的米高梅公司的老板路易斯·梅耶，说这部影片“是最好的战时动员，抵得上100艘战舰”。而拍摄完这部影片之后，威廉·惠勒立即以空军少校的身份参加二战、奔赴前线了。在奥斯卡的颁奖仪式上，是威廉·惠勒的妻子代替他领奖，她告诉大家，这个时候，威廉·惠勒正在德国的上空，冒着敌人的炮火，拍摄着一部空战纪录片。
二战结束以后，威廉·惠勒回到好莱坞继续拍摄电影，1946年，他导演的影片《黄金时代》获得了奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演等8项大奖。这部影片讲述二战结束以后，三个士兵回到家乡，重新寻找生活的意义的故事，因为触及了美国的当代现实，反映了重大的社会问题，引起了人们的欢迎和共鸣。
但是很快，美国“非美活动委员会”开始在美国文化艺术界进行清洗，在1947年，把威廉·惠勒也列入了黑名单，认为他同情共产主义和共产党。威廉·惠勒是当时著名的“十君子”之一，他对他们的指控进行了批驳，认为他们这是对宪法的破坏和侵害。最后，他遭到了暂时停止导演电影的处理。由于当时美国“麦卡锡主义”十分猖獗，所以好莱坞电影在政治运动和电视冲击的双重夹击下，开始衰落了。
危机往往造就英雄，威廉·惠勒是振兴好莱坞的重要人物，1953年，他执导了影片《罗马假日》，发掘出了杰出的演员奥黛丽·赫本，这个天使般的女人从此大放光彩，让世界观众为之倾倒，新一代明星诞生了。这部人所共知的影片讲述的是一个英国公主，在罗马度假时，和一个美国记者相识的感伤恋爱的故事。男主演是派克，女主演奥黛丽·赫本因为本片获得了奥斯卡最佳女主角奖。
而这个时期，是好莱坞面对电视的挑战最为严峻的时期。1959年威廉·惠勒导演的巨片《宾虚》，一举获得了奥斯卡最佳影片、最佳导演奖等11项大奖，创造了奥斯卡影片中的获奖纪记录，至今没有别的影片能够打破这个记录，也使好莱坞找到了对抗电视的法宝，重新使观众涌向电影院。这部影片是一部史诗，他讲述了古代罗马一个犹太青年最后战胜敌人、成为一个英雄的故事，场面宏大，情节曲折，给好莱坞重新带来了生机和活力。
《宾虚》是威廉·惠勒达到的一个高峰，也是美国电影的一个高峰。之后，威廉。惠勒拍摄的重要影片有1965年的《收藏家》，1968年的《滑稽女郎》和1970年执导的《琼斯的解放》，1965年他获得了美国电影科学与艺术学院颁发的撒尔伯格纪念奖，1976年又获得了这个学院颁发的终身成就奖。
威廉·惠勒塑造了14个获得了奥斯卡表演奖的电影明星，他本人也三次获得了奥斯卡的最佳导演奖，他执导的《黄金时代》、《罗马假日》和《宾虚》都已经是电影史上的经典。他以追求完美著称，经常反复拍摄，有一个“拍99次的惠勒”的称号。
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