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Augustine:Christianity road


The Beginning of Christendom philosophy developed in part from philosophical views derived fro Plato, the Stoics, and the Neo-Platonist. On of its founders the Great-Augustine had the deepest and most lasting influence on Christian culture.


As a young man he joined a movement known as Manichaesim.


Zarathustra taught that the human struggle between good and evil is itself a manifestation of a cosmic duel between the angelic forces of light and the demonic forces of darkness. Each individual human spirit must, according to Zarathustra, fight a personal battle between light and darkness, truth and falsehood, moral right and wrong, in order to gain either the salvation of eternal bliss or eternal agony. Mani sought to synthesize Zoroastrian ideas with Christianity, claiming that Christ was an incarnation of the same spirit as Buddha and Zarathustra - the original soul of the first man created by the "mother of light" to help the rest of humanity become a major force in the combat against the overpowering darkness.


Uner the influence of the Skeptics, Augustine eventually rejected Manichaeism as a religion and then discovered Plotinus, through whose writings he became a devout Neo-Platonist, arguing on behalf of Plotinus's semi-religious interpretation of Plato. At the age of thirty-two, he converted to Christianity.


基督教哲学的开端部分是由柏拉图、斯多葛派和新柏拉图派的哲学观点发展而来的。伟大的奥古斯丁对基督教文化的影响最为深远。


他年轻时参加了一个叫做摩尼教的运动。


查拉图斯特拉教导说,人类在善与恶之间的斗争,本身就是光明天使力量与黑暗恶魔力量之间的宇宙决斗的表现。查拉图斯特拉认为,每个人的灵魂都必须在光明与黑暗、真理与谬误、道德上的是非与是非之间进行个人的战斗,以获得永恒的幸福或永恒的痛苦的救赎。摩尼试图将琐罗亚斯德教的思想与基督教结合起来,声称基督是佛陀和查拉图斯特拉同样精神的化身——第一个由“光之母”创造的人的原始灵魂,帮助人类其余部分成为对抗强大黑暗的主要力量。


在怀疑论者的影响下,奥古斯丁最终拒绝了摩尼教作为一种宗教,然后发现了普罗提努斯,通过他的著作,他成为了一个虔诚的新柏拉图主义者,为普罗提努斯对柏拉图的半宗教解释辩护。32岁时,他改信了基督教。

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willer
willer
Dec 28, 2018

Write an essay discussing the influences of worldly pleasures on individuals.

写一篇文章讨论世俗享乐对个人的影响。


https://lanfeizi.wixsite.com/english-learning/blog/the-influences-of-worldly-pleasures-on-individuals

世俗享乐对个人的影响

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willer
willer
Dec 28, 2018

So then what are some of the truths that Augustine found by hs method of reasoning from inner insight (faith)? First, he held that the mind cannot grasp reality on its own: that is ,without special conditioning into states of illumination, we simply cannot ever know God. God must first illuminate the mind through inner revelation so that the truth can then be grasped. Knowledge of God is thus predestined by God and there is nothing any of us can do to attain such knowledge. No amount of study will help - not even prayer makes any difference whatsoever. This is the actual view of one of the founders of Christian dogma, one of the religion's own "saints". This idea…


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willer
willer
Dec 28, 2018

Augustine criticizes the ancient Greek philosophers on grounds that to know the truth does not guarantee doing the truth. The problem is that the essence of humanity is not, as Aristotle had supposed, rationality but will. According to Augustine, no one can believe in the true God ( whatever that is - we don't know yet what he means by this word ) without first willing it. This is because no amount of rational argument can affect the will. Self-centeredness corrupts us away from truth and the "true reality" (the "true God") so that we fashion reality in our own image. Only when we are touched by "Divine Grace" can we will the true God - true reality - to…


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willer
willer
Dec 28, 2018

In his own dramatic conversion experience, Augustine sees both the key role that the desire for happiness plays in the mind's desire to know, and its solution. Influenced by the Manichean doctrine that final salvation comes through ascetic living, itself derived from the views of the Stoics and Skeptics, Augustine argues that the path to salvation lies in turning way from the worldly pleasures - but not through to the abstract detachment of the Stoics nor the belief - free disinterestedness of the Skeptics. Augustine's answer is predicated on the understanding, provided in the philosophies of his Platonic predecessors, that what we call "the world" is not the real world but only our idea of it. But more than that:…


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willer
willer
Dec 28, 2018

From the Epicureans, Stoics, and Skeptics, Augustine thus took as fundamental the maxim that the various purposes of philosophy have but one main ultimate aim: the attainment of happiness. In addition, in the Neo-Platonist he found "all things but one - the Logos made flesh." He took their views, especially those of Plotinus, and made them the basis for his philosophy, which became the foundation for subsequent Christianity. This includes a Christian reinterpretation of the Neo-Platonic view that ultimate knowledge can be obtained by only a selected few individuals via mystical intuition of supreme reality. In the process, Augustine developed a rich and vast metaphysics driven by a unique dialectic method in which philosophy begins with a study of the…


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