John D.Rockefeller:
Tycoon of Oil
By the age of 12, he had saved over $50 from working for neighbors and raising some turkeys for his mother. He loaned a local farmer $50 at 7% interest payable in one year. "The impression was gaining ground with me that it was a good thing to let the money be my servant and not make myself a slave to the money."
Rockefeller excelled at mental arithmetic and was able to solve difficult arithmetic problems in his head. He spent 10 weeks at Folsom's Commercial College -- a "chain College" where he learned bookkeeping, penmanship, commercial history, mercantile customs, banking and exchange. From his father he had learned how to draw up notes and other business papers. His father was very meticulous in matters of business and believed in the sacredness of contracts.
约翰·d·洛克菲勒:
石油大亨
到12岁时，他已经从为邻居打工和给妈妈养火鸡中省下了50多美元。他以每年7%的利息借给当地一位农民50美元。“我越来越觉得，让钱做我的仆人，而不是让自己成为金钱的奴隶，这是一件好事。”
洛克菲勒擅长心算，能在脑子里解出复杂的算术题。他在福尔索姆商学院(Folsom's Commercial College)学习了10周，这是一所“连锁学院”，他在这里学习了簿记、书法、商业历史、商业习俗、银行和交易所。他从父亲那里学会了如何写笔记和其他商业文件。他的父亲对商业事务一丝不苟，相信合同是神圣的。
Write an essay within 250 words, describing a famous person with examples.
写一篇250字以内的文章，用例子描述一个名人。
https://lanfeizi.wixsite.com/english-learning/blog/no-pain-no-gain
During 1891 all the evidence suggested that Rockefeller had a partial nervous breakdown from overwork. He lost all of his hair including his eyebrows and suffered from ill health for a number of years in the early 1890s. He took part in some management activity until 1899 but none to speak of thereafter.
1891年，所有的证据都表明洛克菲勒由于过度劳累而部分精神崩溃。在19世纪90年代早期，他失去了包括眉毛在内的所有头发，多年来身体一直不好。直到1899年，他参加了一些管理活动，但之后就再也没有了。
From the mid 1890s until his death in 1937 Rockefeller's activities were all philanthropic. The University of Chicago, Rockefeller University and the Rockefeller Foundation were all built on the base of his generous donation.
从19世纪90年代中期到1937年去世，洛克菲勒的活动都是慈善活动。芝加哥大学、洛克菲勒大学和洛克菲勒基金会都是在他慷慨捐赠的基础上建立起来的。
The Standard had set up an elaborate nationwide distribution system that reached nearly every American town. Standard Oil's campaign to dominate even the smallest of the retail markets was probably the single most important reason that the Standard became so disliked by the American public. The Standard was very aggressive in its marketing practices and tried to force all grocery and hardware stores that sold kerosene and lubricants to sell only Standard products. This policy made the Standard widely unpopular and simply increased its vulnerability to political attack. On 21 March 1892, the Trust was formally dissolved.
该标准建立了一个周密的全国性销售体系，几乎覆盖了每个美国城镇。标准石油（Standard Oil）的主宰甚至是最小的零售市场的运动，可能是美国公众如此厌恶标准的最重要原因之一。该标准在其营销实践中非常积极，并试图迫使所有出售煤油和润滑油的杂货店和五金店只销售标准产品。这一政策使该标准广受欢迎，只是增加了其政治攻击的脆弱性。1892年3月21日，信托正式解散。
During 1871 he formulated his plan for consolidating all oil refining firms into one great organization with the aim of eliminating excess capacity and price-cutting. By 1879 the Standard Oil did about 90 percent of the refining in the United States with almost 70 percent being exported overseas.
1871年，他制定了将所有炼油公司合并为一个大组织的计划，目的是消除过剩产能和降价。到1879年，标准石油在美国的炼油量中占了90%左右，几乎70%出口到海外。
On 2 January 1882 the Standard Oil Trust was formed. A Board of Trustees was set up and all the Standard properties were placed in its hands. Every stockholder received 20 Trust certificates for each share of Standard Oil stock and all the profits of the component companies were sent to the nine trustees who determined the dividends. The nine trustees elected the directors and officers of all the component companies.…
The Standard Oil Company of Ohio was created by Rockefeller (30%), Henry Flagler(16%) and so on. It held about 10% of the oil business at the time of its formation.
俄亥俄州的标准石油公司由洛克菲勒（30%）、亨利·弗拉格勒（16%）等创建。在其成立时，它持有大约10%的石油业务。
In his eyes, the state of the oil business was chaotic. Because entry costs were so low in both oil drilling and oil refining, the market was glutted with crude oil with an accompanying high level of waste. The theory of free competition did not work well when there was a mix of very large, efficient firms, and many medium and small firms. The weak firms in their attempts to survive drove prices down below production costs hurting even the well-managed firms such as his own.
在他看来，石油行业的状况是混乱的。由于石油钻探和炼油的进口成本都很低，市场上充斥着原油，伴随着高水平的浪费。当大公司、高效公司和许多中小型公司混合在一起时，自由竞争理论并没有很好地发挥作用。疲弱的公司试图生存下来，导致价格低于生产成本，甚至损害了像他这样管理良好的公司。