During the end of the nineteenth century, Comte's voluminous philosophical writings turned out to be a major source of inspiration for the subsequent shift in philosophy from a metaphysical to a "scientific" orientation, where "scientific" is broadly construed within its implicit social aspects what might even term "social epistemology". This is a key new direction - an explicitly diffferent grounding of certainty away from the Cartesian notion of I think, therefore I am - where all certainty is grounded through an individual's relation to the truth, to an interpersonal, social realm.
19世纪末，孔德的大量哲学著作成为后来哲学从形而上学向“科学”方向转变的主要灵感来源，此处的“科学”是在它固有的，我们可以称之为“社会认识论”的社会学范围内粗略定义的。这是一个关键的新方向——一个明确不同于笛卡尔的“我思故我在”概念的确定性基础——所有的确定性都是基于个人与真理、人际关系和社会领域的关系。
Write an essay stating and analyzing a theory that you think can best maintain the harmony of a society.
写一篇文章，陈述和分析一个你认为最能维持社会和谐的理论。
https://lanfeizi.wixsite.com/english-learning/blog/the-theory-that-best-preserves-social-harmony
最能维持社会和谐的理论
In turning away from introspective philosophy, in which the apperception of one's own psychological states is taken as an epistemological yardstick, toward the public "sociological" realm of cross-verification and "social facts", he is in the domain of what we shall call, in its broadest sense, scientific. Comte argues that his theory should be applied not just to our search for knowledge about the world but to the human social realm as well. For the first time he began the process of establishing in a systematic fashion the social science to which he gave the name "sociology". In the early part of the twentieth century, his thinking helped pave the way for both the social, political, and moral philosophy of John…
In his main philosophical work, Course of the Positive Philosophy, Comte presents his theory of the law of the three "theoretical condition" (or stages) of the intellectual development of human thought.
The fist of Comte's three stages of knowledge, the primitive "theological or fictitious" stage, relies on supernatural beings and supernatural explanations. The second "metaphysical" stage is merely an intermediary modification of the theological stage, with the replacement of supernatural entities with abstract notions. In the third and final "positive" stage, the mind has freed itself from its vain search for "Absolute notions" and relies instead on reason and observation.
孔德在其主要哲学著作《实证哲学过程》中提出了人类思想智力发展的三个“理论条件”(或阶段)的规律理论。
孔德知识的三个阶段的第一个阶段，即原始的“神学或虚构”阶段，依赖于超自然的存在和超自然的解释。第二个“形而上学”阶段仅仅是神学阶段的一种中间修正，用抽象的概念代替超自然的实体。在第三个也是最后一个“积极的”阶段，头脑已经从对“绝对概念”的徒劳追求中解脱出来，转而依赖于理性和观察。