He attended the local school for Jewish boys where at a young age he had already begun arguing with his classmates and teachers, telling them that the Bible offered no reason for believing in angels or the immortality of the soul and that its authors were as ignorant about physics as they were about theology.
He started a philosophy club for the study of religious and philosophical problems and supported himself mainly by grinding and polishing lenses. Privately, he worked to develop his vast metaphysical system that subsequently came to deeply influence many philosophers.
Spinoza published his Treatise on Theology and Politics; Christian theologians banned it, calling it a work "forged in Hell by a renegade Jew and the devil".He thus has the distinction of being banned by both Christian and Jewish theologians.
他在当地一所犹太男孩学校上学，很小的时候就开始与同学和老师争论，告诉他们，圣经没有提供任何理由让他们相信天使或灵魂不朽，圣经的作者对物理学和神学一样无知。
他创办了一个研究宗教和哲学问题的哲学俱乐部，主要靠磨光镜片来维持生计。私下里，他致力于发展他庞大的形而上学体系，这一体系后来深深影响了许多哲学家。
斯宾诺莎发表了他的神学和政治论文;基督教神学家禁止了它，称它是一部“由叛徒犹太人和魔鬼在地狱锻造的作品”。因此他具有被基督教和犹太神学家所禁止的区别。
Write an essay describing the features of a perfect life in your view.
在你看来，写一篇描述完美生活特征的文章。
https://lanfeizi.wixsite.com/english-learning/blog/the-perfect-life-of-human-beings-300-years-later
300年后人类的完美生活
Therefore, in Spinoza's metaphysics there can be no plurality of substances, but only one, infinite substance. This is the centerpiece of his system of thought. Material and spiritual being form but two sides of one and the same world: particular extended beings and particular thinking beings are but the ephemeral and transitory states of the eternal, unified world-being, its modes. All multiplicity, the apparent self-substance of particular objects, free will, and evolution are but illusions.
因此，在斯宾诺莎的形而上学中，不可能有多种物质，而只能有一种无限的物质。这是他思想体系的核心。物质和精神的存在形式不过是同一世界的两个方面:特定的延展存在和特定的思维存在不过是永恒的、统一的世界的短暂和短暂的状态，即它的模式。所有的多重性，特定对象的明显的自我实体，自由意志，和进化都只是幻觉。
Body and mind do not need to act on each other because they are not two things but one thing. What explains the apparent duality, according to Spinoza, is that when the one universal substance (reality) is viewed from the perspective of its attribute of extension, it becomes body, whereas when it is viewed from the perspective of its attribute of thought, it becomes mind. It is impossible for two real substances to affect each other because by having influence on each other, indeed, by their very duality, they would lose their independence and therefore their substantiality as such.
身体和思想不需要相互作用，因为它们不是两件事，而是一件事。根据斯宾诺莎的观点，解释这一明显的二重性的是，当我们从一个普遍的实体(实在)的延展属性的观点来看它时，它就变成了身体，而当我们从它的思维属性来看它时，它就变成了心灵。两种真实的物质是不可能相互影响的，因为通过相互影响，实际上，通过它们的对偶性，它们将失去它们的独立性，因此也就失去它们的实体性。
Descartes wrote: "By substance, we can conceive nothing else than a thing which exists in such a way as to stand in need of nothing beyond itself". Yet even though he is typically regarded as a substance dualist, the monistic (one substance) view of Spinoza was already anticipated when Descartes said that "And in truth, there can be conceived but one substance which is absolutely independent, and that is God," which he equated with "infinite substance". Descartes's mistake - a deep and fundamental contradiction in the Cartesian system, according to Spinoza - was to distinguish between infinite and finite substances. The body - corporeal substance - is finite, whereas the mind - incorporeal substance - is infinite. Spinoza tooke the…
Starting with Descartes's logical presuppositions, Spinoza built an essentially Cartesian metaphysics into a geometric method even more rigorous than Descartes's; indeed, it is the technical precision of his Ethics that led many to refer to him as "the philosophers' philosopher". According to Spinoza, absolutely everything is knowable with perfect certainty through reason. Through its pure concepts (that is, unfiltered by experience) and intuitions, the intellect can grasp the entire world. The human mind is epistemologically omnipotent.
从笛卡尔的逻辑预设出发，斯宾诺莎将本质上的笛卡尔形而上学构建为比笛卡尔更为严谨的几何方法;事实上，正是他的伦理道德的技术精确性，导致许多人将他称为“哲学家的哲学家”。斯宾诺莎认为，绝对的一切事物都是通过理性以完全确定的方式可知的。通过纯粹的概念(即未经经验过滤的概念)和直觉，智力可以把握整个世界。人类的心智在认识论上是无所不能的。