Take you to understand the evolutionary history of Chinese Buddhism
Original 2017-09-20 Old Luo next door
The amount of information in this article is a bit large. It takes 30 minutes to read it.
The article started by recommending everyone to watch a movie, the newly released "Invisible Guest" and after being bored with Hollywood's big IP movies, I feel that European movies are really good-looking. To avoid spoilage, the content is not much to say. This film is a bit like Kurosawa's "Rashomon" - where is the truth? No one knows.
The truth is really not important, the complete logic chain is the most important
Some people will criticize the old Luo Niuism, but our generation knows that the truth about those so-called iron nails is the most unreliable. Rather than being tortured by the truth, it is better to change the way of thinking.
There are several articles in front of Lao Luo that have always emphasized a new conception of history – the concept of historical knowledge only, to reconstruct our historical fragments. Is it correct? Everyone understands it. But what can be guaranteed is definitely useful, at least in terms of making life decisions such as buying a house, wealth, and marriage.
So where does this view of historical wisdom only come from?
Lao Luo came from the experience of learning Buddha
The process of Lao Luo’s study of Buddhism was also a tortuous process. Before he met Jian Yang Lezhu in 2013, Luo felt that he was a Kongmen disciple. He was a person who had been trained for many years, and his subconsciousness was very repulsive to strangers. The experience of studying Buddhism in the following years is entirely a reconstruction of the Three Concepts.
A friend of mine hopes to speak on the theory of discursiveness. Lao Luo is also a disciple who is not very sophisticated. It is not that Luo is good at teaching Buddhism, but he is the first to speak about history.
ISIS has been very nervous for the past few years
So there is a grand theory of using Chinese culture to melt in rivers and lakes
I believe that Chinese culture once absorbed Buddhist Buddhism teachings.
This time should be greater for world peace
The whole Chinese Buddhist history actually has a problem
Why does foreign Buddhism become the mainstream religion in China?
Knowledge is mastered by most people. Most of them are not linear. Instead of entering today and entering tomorrow, suddenly there will be a time.
The only thing I had to do to get through this joint was to see a Buddha statue exhibition of Poly. When I saw the statue of Northern Wei Dynasty and Northern Buddhism, the shock of this mysterious smile instantly opened my understanding of many things, Buddhism, history and reality. Life.
The most moving of these 14 statues is their mysterious smile. It can be said that there are three mysterious smiles in this world: the smile of Mona Lisa, the smile of Khmer, and the smile of the Buddha statues in Northern Wei Dynasty. The latter two are related to Buddhism and related to Mahayana Buddhism. What is the reason?
I wonder if this question has been asked before
Why did China accept Buddhism 600 years after the Buddha's birthday?
It is necessary to know that Buddhism is already in decline in India.
Let us talk about the issue of China before Buddhism entered. At the Buddha's birthday in 565 B.C., Madame Maye drove through the Lumbini Garden on her carriage back to her mother's family and gave birth to Prince Siddhartha Siddhartha. After 35 years of enlightenment, he founded Buddhism.
However, Buddhism officially entered China more than 600 years later. In the 10th year of Yongping in the Eastern Han Dynasty (AD 69), it was said that Emperor Han Ming had a dream and saw a god. His golden body sparkled like the morning glow, surrounded by sunlight, fluttering from afar, and landed on In front of the hall. Emperor Han Ming is very happy.
On the second day of the DPRK, he told his ministers his dreams and asked where they were sacred. Tai Shi Fu Yi learned many talents. He told Han Mingdi: I heard that there was a God in the west in India (Sinhala) who claimed to be a Buddha. He can fly in the void and he is surrounded by sunlight. The king you dream of is probably a Buddha. The Emperor Han Ming was very interested in Fu Yi’s words and sent 13 of them to the Western Regions.
The people of Tianzhu welcome the fact that China sent envoys to seek the sutras. There are two sand gates in Tianzhu, one named Jiao Moteng, and the other named Yan Flang has decided to come to China with an invitation. Three years later, they came to Luoyang together to bring back the scriptures and statues and began translating a portion of the Buddhist scriptures. At the same time, the first Buddhist temple in China, Baima Temple, was built in Luoyang. It was named after the white horse that contained the Buddha statues of the scriptures, and the White Horse Temple also became the "faithfulness" and "source of release" of Buddhism.
Luoyang White Horse Temple
There is a problem here, from Sakyamuni’s realization to the formal introduction to China, which has been separated by more than 600 years, apart from the early stages of development, mutual obscurity, and later contact. In India, when Buddhism was most prosperous, it was the Ashoka period. From 273 to 232 BC, after the third round of Buddhism, Ashokas had been actively promoting Buddhism to the surrounding areas, and had sent Daito Maeda to reject most of the world. (Original Note: Handi); Sending the end of the world to snow-capped mountains in the country (Tibet), Gao Qishan sees the promotion of Dajian.
China, Zhina, was originally referred to in Sanskrit as China, which is the pronunciation of Qin. Among the ancient Chinese historical records, there were records of 18 people who came to China during the Qin Shihuang incident. This was an action that Buddhism took the initiative to spread to China. However, we did not accept it. This left the Buddhist scriptures from the Emperor Hanming. Buddhism officially entered China and was separated by more than 200 years. What has China been busy for more than 200 years? Why not accept it?
We all know that in the history of mankind there was an axial age, and the historian Karl Jaspers’s proposition was between 800 BC and 200 BC, especially between 600 BC and 300 BC, it was human civilization. The "Axis Era". Ancient Greece had Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle. Israel had Jewish prophets. Ancient India had Sakyamuni, and China had Confucius and Laozi. At that time, people in these places began to enter the era of rationality.
What is the core meaning of the beginning of religion?
When people are born, they face an uncertain world
In order to find a certainty in this fickle world
This is the most important proposition in the beginning of civilization
Throughout the entire civilization, it also runs through people's lives.
Before the Axial Age, mankind was very close to ghosts and witchcraft. After this, mankind used the rational way to resolve this certainty problem by himself. The three major religions are the beginning of human rationalism. The purpose is to find the position of human beings through rationalism.
The discussion of the Axial Age is the conclusion of later generations. It was not the philosophers of the time who said it together. Now it is the age of the axis. We must work together and not lag behind. The development of human rationality is a gradual process. In my opinion, Chinese-style rationality began when Fu Fushi became a He Tuluo book. It is easily represented by the Chinese rational spirit, Xia Youlian and Shan Yi. In Tibet, Zhou Wenwang played Zhouyi and thoroughly rejected the beliefs of ghosts and gods of the merchants, creating a rational style of Zhou. In the era of Confucius, he only pushed the original rational school to the people and built a social system. The entire society was included in this one. system.
Confucius, who was almost the same age as Buddha Shakyamuni, had contact with the mind 300 years after their death. But at that time, the Zhouyi system was still young and still in the process of maturing, without introducing new systems. .
Dong Zhongshu is the builder of this system's mature period. We all know that Dong Zhongshu “discarded 100 Confucianism”, but we have read the words of his most important book, “Spring and Autumn and Seasonality,” and it would be strange that this so-called Confucian and we think The Confucians in the Analects of Confucius and Mencius seem to be completely different. They are more like yin and yang, and this part of us has always been attributed to Lao Tzu Taoism.
The Confucians we generally understand are talking about "the king is the king, the father and the son." Yes, this is the positioning of human relations. Before this, we need to have the position of the individual and the universe, heaven and earth, Zuo Qinglong, right white tiger, former Suzaku, and basalt. Confucius stands out from other hundred families. He is not an elaborator of ideas. It is the constructor of the positioning system. The Analects is the positioning part of human relations, "not in place, not in the government," "politically good, such as North Star, and the stars arched" and so on. Confucius described the positioning of the universe of heaven and earth in books such as Yi and Spring and Autumn.
We will regard Mencius as the heir of Confucianism. At that time, it was not the mainstream. Confucius had many disciples. Confucius's doctrine was not only along the lines of Zeng Zi, Zi Si, Mencius, but also a more influential Zi Xia. Scorpion line. The Xiaxi River lectures and speaks about the Three Jins and Yis. It is just like the number is easy. Dong Zhongshu is more inclined to this school.
Buddhism also speaks of this positioning system. The 3,000-thousand-thousand-thousand-thousand-thousand-space world speaks of space.
Greek sages, Euclidean geometry is also the positioning system
The sun rose the day before yesterday
Will it still rise tomorrow?
Today we will say, "Man, you think too much"
But this is a universal fear in the place of human civilization.
This point of fear anxiety is the origin of all civilizations
The civilization of the three-dimensional world is based on the chaotic sun.
The first question raised by this anxiety was the position of the human being in the universe. The first birth was explained in mythology among the various tribes. However, various tribes discovered each myth during the debate. Birth philosophy.
All religions and philosophy
All are a positioning system
It's all about time and space
The opening chapter is actually astronomy
In the 300 years of the Buddha's extermination, the Chinese people's own positioning system is still very useful. It is still maturing in the hands of Dong Zhongshu and his disciples. Therefore, there is no demand for the first contact.
We modern people think of the philosophy of religion as the liberal arts of the humanities. But at that time, the most important thing was not to study the monarchs and ministers, nor to study the good and the evil, but to use mathematics and astronomy to solve practical problems. They have to set an annual rate of 24 solar terms and calculate the eclipse time of the solar eclipse. It is all about the food and clothing problem of human existence. At that time, the discipline has not been classified as it is now. It is called metaphysics. Now let a liberal arts student who is engaged in philosophy studies read Yang Xiong’s “Tai Xuan”. That is really hard for him.
It's hard to tell about a religion
Because there is no standard that can be falsified
But at that time it is possible
Is it possible to solve the problem in reality?
Astronomy, geography, farming, medicine, etc.
Why did the Chinese begin to demand Buddhism in the Eastern Han Dynasty? Is it a problem with your positioning system?
China's positioning system pays attention to stability in the world. The best of all is a man. Weavers don’t want to go back to earth. The White Lady’s practice for 500 years is personal. The Chinese have been fully satisfied with such daily routines. In the Western Han Dynasty, not only did Wei Qing and Huo go sick, but the more important achievement of Han Wudi was to perfect China's positioning system. It also confirmed the basic cultural patterns of China up until now.
The artistic achievements of the Han dynasty never felt too high before, because it was too simple and plain, too lively, and lacking refined aesthetics. Even the name of the imperial palace, which is Changle Weiyang, is filled with a kind of realistic joy and satisfaction. There are many differences between the Tang Dynasty and Ming Dynasty Song Dynasty. But this is the most solid soil layer in Chinese culture.
However, after the system was developed in Confucius for 500 years, Dong Zhongshu became suspicious for the first time after 100 years.
Modern people will not use Pythagorean theorem in the political system. Naturally, they think that this is two things. But at that time, people thought that an Dong Zhongshu system was used both in the astronomical calendar and in medical farming. It is also the legislative thinking of the political system. Because this system is easy to use, someone has to push this to the limit. This person is Wang Shuo, a series of new measures of “treasure reform”. Wang Shuo was an elected emperor. He accepted the emperor after receiving condolences in 8 AD and changed the country name to “new”. He followed the “Zhou Li” system to implement the New Deal, restore the “Ida system”, and put salt, iron, wine, currency, and forests. State-owned, arable land redistribution, abolition of slavery punishment, etiquette, field house car service and other rituals, continue to return to the Western Zhou Dynasty Zhou Li model.
In the 23rd AD, the fall of the new dynasty was also the destruction of a Confucian Utopia.
The social turmoil in the last years of the new dynasty caused intellectuals and the royal family to begin to generate skepticism about the original Confucian school system. Therefore, the White Horse camel hopes to introduce new ideas and solve some problems.
However, the development of Buddhism was extremely slow during the next 200 years. It is used as a kind of divine technique to spread in the upper class and the vast majority of civilians have little contact. The handful of Buddhist temples are also mainly used by the monks and businessmen visiting China in the Western Regions. By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Buddhism began to move from the upper stratum to the lower stratum and spread widely in society.
Throughout the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was the time when the Confucian system was gradually abandoned. When a doctrine formatted every detail of human life, it basically went to a dead end. Wang Xi exposed the hypocrites of Confucianism. For example, the Tomb of the Tomb of the Lost Tombs and the tombs of the Han Dynasty are rich in funerals. The talent system of the Han Dynasty took filial piety and was incorruptible. It was known to officials that filial piety is not filial piety and it depends on how much funeral the parents buried.
By the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Confucian Quotations sounded just as boring as you and your children said to be new socialists. Buddhism only began to truly enter the Chinese society at this time.
In the last years of the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a re-emergence of Huang Lao's studies. The Huangjin Uprising was based on the Taiping Classics and Zhang Lu's Five-Dove Road. Zhang Lu is now generally considered to be the founder of Taoism. Including us in the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, we saw the bully Sun Chai, killing the priest Yu Ji, and his mother came to plead.
It was a time when Buddhism had just begun to become popular. However, people still did not completely distinguish Buddhism from Huang Lao Fang's technique and used Buddhism as a kind of Huang Dao Taoism. At that time, people called Buddhism as the “Buddhist Taoism”.
At that time, people understood that the God of Buddha is the understanding of the Emperor Han Ming. Sakyamuni has never been a god, but when Buddhism was transferred to China, Sakyamuni Buddha was already deified and had boundless mana. The deified Sakyamuni Buddha is in line with the deification of Lao Tzu by the Huang Lao Fang technique in the Han and Han Dynasties of China. The Buddha and the God are one and the same.
Secondly, the silence of Buddhism is the quiet and inaction of Lao Tzu. Buddhism uses love and greed to explain the causes of human suffering. Therefore, it advocates the elimination of eroticism. This thought is in accordance with Lao Zi’s claim that there is no desire and no desire. Desire, luxury and other ideas are the same. Therefore, what the Buddhists in the eyes of the Han dynasty said is the same as what the Chinese Laozi said without desire.
To use Lao Tzu's emptiness to understand Mahayana Prajnajana, Truth is just a branch of the Buddhism that is not an important issue. He talks about the truth of the world's ontology and sexuality, and at the time of the Han dynasty it was translated as "Nothing." "Nothing" became an ancient translation of "True". "Nothing" comes from Lao Tzu. This later became the theoretical basis of Zen.
The explanation of the third-generation karma of Buddhism explained by the Chinese traditional ghosts and gods said that the immortality of the soul has become an important ideological content of Chinese Buddhism.
The Buddhism in the Han Dynasty was an early, Chinese-styled Buddhism. It was totally based on China's inherent ideology and viewed and understood the products of Buddhism. It has not yet been able to truly understand the spiritual essence of Buddhism. On the one hand, it is a good thing to open the mass foundation in China, but Buddhism has been broken up as a complete religious system.
When Toshihara Awang Gyatso’s Master Speaks “History of Tibetan Buddhism”
There are many different translations between the Han and the Tibetan
The same book of the heart, the translation of Momorush, also translated by Master Xuanzang
Because Han Di has his original ideology, what is missing and what to use.
At the end of the Han and Wei Jin period, the original Confucian system was difficult to convince intellectuals, but at the same time, it was chaotic. The society was looking for a new positioning system. Although Buddhism was not transformed, it actually began to enter China.
There is a place in the Buddhist positioning system that is not too touched by the Confucian system. It is life and death. Confucius said, "Unknown student, he knows death." Of course, there is no problem if we don't think so much, but if we find that there are so many hypocritical and incomprehensible things in our life circle, then if there is a new coordinate position, it will be outside our life circle. In addition to our intuition, outside of our people, outside of our things, north and south, outside of our lifetime. Knowing "death", we have again found our "life" position.
Record a Tao Yuanming poem.
Life has no roots, floating like a stranger.
Dispersion by the wind, this is already very much.
Landed as a brother, why bother!
Delighted as joy, fighting wine together.
The year is not coming again, and it will be harder in the morning.
Timely encouragement, the years do not treat people.
The first half is about impermanence, and the second half is Tian Xingjian's self-improvement. It can be seen that intellectuals at that time accepted both the Buddhist ideas and the ambivalence of the original system.
True Buddhism Needs Barbarism to Become a System and Enter China
Otherwise, the entire system of Buddhism has been misinterpreted in a fragmented manner.
At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty it was divided into three countries and
All eyes went to Jin
The Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties were an important period of Chinese history. How long did we imagine the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties? There are Han and Tang in the past. It seems to have passed quickly. There are only a few pages of history textbooks. I remember there was a battle with less victory and more. I remember there was a group of weird people with performance art plus a Mulan.
In fact, the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was a very long period. How long was it? Add up to 300 years.
Among them, the Northern Wei Dynasty was 150 years old. It was the heyday of Chinese Buddhism and also an important period of Chinese culture. It definitely did not lose the Han, Tang and Song dynasties and certainly exceeded Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties.
After studying the history lesson first, after the three kingdoms were returned to Jin, the Western Jin Dynasty was first followed by the Eastern Jin Dynasty, and the northern part was more complicated. The first Wuhu Sixteen Kingdoms and the latter Northern Wei Dynasty were divided into the Western Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty. The Northern Wei Dynasty was divided into the Eastern Wei Dynasty and the Western Wei Dynasty. It was then inherited by the Northern Qi Dynasty and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. The south was relatively stable. After the Eastern Jin Dynasty, it was Song Qiliang Chen. He unified the world and was later replaced by Tang.
The period of the Five Incidents was the most serious disaster of the Chinese nation. At that time, the killings were a bit like the current situation in Rwanda. The entire north was empty and deserted, and it gradually stabilized in the northern Wei period. Buddhism entered China as a state religion.
When the rulers of the Northern Wei Tuoba and barbarians faced a high-level conquered people, they consciously borrowed other forms of religion to strengthen their rule and serve as a tool to overcome the sense of inferiority. Christianity entered the upper class of Rome because the barbarian generals under the rule of Constantine had believed in Christ, and the Mongolian and the Mongolian had changed their minds.
When Sakyamuni was alive more than 2,500 years ago, it was an idolatry against Brahmanism in Indian society. In the 600 years since the birth of Buddhism, Buddhist followers have followed the teachings of Sakyamuni before they were born, and they do not worship idols. In the history of India, until the 1st century AD, no statues or paintings of Buddha appeared. During the Ashoka era, there were no Buddha statues on the Buddha seat. The appearance of Buddha statues is closely related to the Greek descendants who believe in Buddhism. They introduced the artistic expressions of the Greek gods to Buddhism and created Buddha statues with obvious Greek faces. They are worshipped in the "Gan Lan" (Buddhist temple). The sacredness of the Buddha is highlighted in the art form of the image.
Hey, Salmon. It is the national division of Tuobai in the Northern Wei Dynasty. Under his persuasion, Buddhism became the state religion of the Northern Wei Dynasty. Yungang Grottoes in the famous Cave 5, the emperor is the image of the Buddha, people and God.
When we look at history, we must substitute ourselves and envisage it under the current circumstances, especially the history of art and thought.
To understand why the great art of the Buddha was born in the Northern Wei Dynasty, it was necessary to substitute itself into that scene. In the war-torn era, amateur artisans used Prisoners of Prisoners of Prisoners as craftsmen. How are they carving Buddha statues?
The first is imitation and there is a certain ritual. We will know if we have seen Thangka. The ceremonial passage of this stone is also a missionary process. These bottom-level people received Buddhism in this process. With the mastery and skill of techniques, he began to add his own understanding to the Buddha statue.
Understanding these three techniques and techniques, rituals, and comprehension will provide a clear context for all the changes in Buddha statues.
Like the Thangka, the Buddha statue is first of all a functional rather than artistic nature. It is the first time to tell the story clearly, not the United States. When he arrived at the Five Caves in the Northern Wei Dynasty, he gradually began to have his own understanding.
Buddhism understood by the death row craftsmen will certainly not be the Diamond Sutra and the Heart Sutra. Before Buddhism was introduced into China, Buddhism had a complete system. It was not just the theory of the law. The missionary at the ground level was more of a story. The Buddhist scriptures that are more liked by the Chinese: the Heart Sutra, the Diamond Sutra, the Sixth Patriarchal Sutra, the Vimalakira Sutra, etc., but the Buddhist scriptures that were introduced to China along the Silk Road in early Buddhism were the “Kim Myung Ching”, which tells the Buddha The Bunsen story is the story of Prince Siddhartha's past lives.
Today we have two stories to tell us about what the buddhas of the dead prisoners are.
One is the story of the corpse admiring the king to cut the meat to save the dove. The corpse admiral saw that the dove was to be eaten by the eagle and wanted to be rescued. The eagle wanted the same weight of bloody flesh, and the corpse admired the king and cut the flesh of his leg and cut a knife. Another knife, the end of the scale has not moved, and finally he jumped on the scale.
One is the prince of Sargona who feeds on the tiger. The three princes of Sarnather play in the countryside. After seeing a valley, a tigress is hungry and dying. He decides to feed himself on the tiger and walks after his brothers are gone. In the valley, he cut his own blood vessels, let the tigers drink blood and restore their strength. He came to eat himself with the tiger.
These two Buddhist stories are very typical. They are repeatedly painted in the murals of Dunhuang. They say that all beings are equal, talk about life and death, and talk about reincarnations. If you listen to these two stories, then come back to see the smiles of these Northern Wei and Northern Qi Buddha images. We can easily understand the rich content behind this superficial mystery.
It is compassion and joy. It is the inner warmth of the security and hard reality that faith brings to them. They carved both the Buddha and also themselves. It was such a smile that Hong Yi’s master left and wrote “Sadness and Intercession”. It is both a WTO member and a WTO member. It is the peculiar smile of the Buddha disciple who left the suffering.
Let’s take a good look at these statues
In the history of Chinese Buddhism
The Wei and Jin and the Southern and Northern Dynasties were the only Buddhism with divinity
Later, even in the Song Dynasty
How skilled the craftsman is
There will never be such a divine smile
These statues looked at the data and were unearthed in the vicinity of Qingzhou, Shandong. After the Northern Wei Dynasty was disrupted by the six towns, it split into the Eastern Wei and Western Wei, and then it was replaced by the Northern Qi and the Northern Zhou Dynasty. This zone in Shandong is the site of the Northern Qi Dynasty. It is the former TV drama list. The site of the King of Shu and the Gaoqiong family in the Northern Qi Dynasty are a family of perverted frenzy but this family is smart and beautiful. There is a Lanling king in the family. There may be someone who has followed the play. The handsome will come to the battle to bring a mask. The total number of Northern Qi was only 20 years. Six emperors had been killed by their brothers and sons.
The general collectors distinguish the Northern Wei Dynasty from the Northern Wei Dynasty, the Northern Qi Dynasty is the largest and the lower, and the Northern Wei Dynasty is the small and the large. Some people have to ask why the Buddha suddenly became slender when he arrived in the Northern Qi Dynasty. If I want to speculate, it is estimated that the Gao family is more slender and the Tuoba family is more burly.
The Buddhist statues in the Northern Qi Dynasty were relatively simple, and they already had literary colors, indicating that the upper class nobles had already participated in them, and Cao Yi won the water. It is still this kind of grief, it is still this kind of eccentricity. At that time, it was not only the death row at the bottom, but also the taxis at the temple.
As soon as the Tang Dynasty began, during the Sui Dynasty, the clothing of Buddha statues began to flourish. After the Wuhu was completely finished, Buddhism began to have its own temporal content. Combining the changes of the present world with the Buddha image, the deity is solemn and the Bodhisattva begins to enter the world. Luoyang Longmen Fengxian Temple Lushena Buddha statue as Wu Zetian incarnation. This is not like the Buddhism idols of the Purdue beings, but the incarnation of the emperors of the Tang Dynasty. The Bodhisattvas are more and more human. Let's take a look at this statue of Buddha. Round and plump, superb techniques, rich expression.
Some people say that the art of Buddha image is the highest in the Tang Dynasty. I do not think it is right. Perhaps from a technical point of view, the Tang Dynasty was perfect, but this time Buddhism has begun to change.
We talked about positioning before. Now it is still a positioning problem. When people cannot find a position in the world, they begin to think about the universe and think about death. But once they begin to meet the present world, the issue of life and death is set aside. When we read Tang poetry, the early Tang Dynasty, the prosperous Tang Dynasty, and the late Tang Dynasty all have different atmospheres. In the early Tang Dynasty, there were many thoughts about the universe. Not seen in Sheng Tang.
Before seeing the ancients, they did not see anyone who came after them. They read the world, and left alone.
Who sees the moon on the river? Jiang Yuehe shines at people at the beginning of the year?
Life is inexhaustible for generations, and Jiang Yue is only similar in years.
This kind of poetry was only used in the early Tang Dynasty. It was expressed in Tang Yuanrong's writing techniques after he inherited the position of the birth of the universe in the Wei, Jin and Southern and Northern Dynasties.
After Wu Zhou came to the prosperous Tang Dynasty, the traditional Chinese integration into the world began to flourish. The Chinese-style world peace replaced the former thinking of life and death. Buddhism entered the Zen era.
This time about the difficulty of Buddhism, Sanwu killed a buddha, and “three extinguishes the Buddha,” refers to the collective name of the three events of the Taiwu Emperor of the Northern Wei Dynasty, the extermination of Buddhism by the Northern Zhou Dynasty, and the extermination of Buddhism by Tang Wuzong. Together with the extermination of Buddhism in Shizong of the later Zhou Dynasty, it was collectively referred to as "the Three Emperors killed one Buddha." The eradication of Buddhism in China is not a royal conversion. It is a very realistic economic reason. It is the lack of integration of the Buddhist monk's support system and the small-scale cultivator's economy in Chinese society.
Being a monk can deny military service and evade taxes. The society has a great burden. The Emperor Taiwu of the Northern Wei Dynasty killed the Buddha because of conscription. To Zhou Shizong, it was because monasteries had money and grabbed troops. This situation until the late Qing Dynasty, Zhang Zhidong also asked the temple to produce school. Throughout the dynasties, once the war was beyond its means, the emperor took a fancy to the temple's property, that is, the emperor with the word "Wu" was used to destroy the Buddha.
Tang Wudi was able to overcome difficulties, and Zen had escaped robbery. This was because Zen Buddhism produced its own crops and did not use civilian resources. In an era of poverty, unless the state is united, resource conflicts with secular regimes are problems. Tibet now relies on a large amount of transfer payments to solve this problem.
After the Tang Dynasty, Buddhist nationwide systemized religions began to decline and divided into two branches. The intellectuals were zenized, and the folk Pure Land, Zen gradually merged with the Chinese local culture. Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism, Su Dongpo, and Wang Yangming basically disappeared. Pure Land is easy to go to ghosts and beliefs.
After the Tang dynasty, there was a peak in the Song Dynasty. However, I think that there is already a long distance between Buddhism and Buddhism. The stone carvings of Dazu and the breath of life are too heavy. There is no need to centrifuge. What should we learn from the Buddha?
It can be said that in the history of Han Dynasty, as a religious stone carving, the only valuable period was the period of the Southern and Northern Dynasties.
Why does Buddhism become the mainstream religion in China? But hasn't China been completely Buddhistized? Why can Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism go hand in hand?
In the past 200 years ago, religion was not just about the spiritual and life-and-death issues. Daily life was also inseparable from religion, and it went deep into the fields of life such as calendars and medicine. The Chinese indigenous Taoism system of Buddhism differs greatly from the metaphysical part of Buddhism, but in the metaphysical part, that is, the problem of calendar medicine, etc., it is too close.
Buddhism's terrestrial fire and wind are too close to the five elements of gold, water, fire, and soil.
Spiritual comfort is only a part of life, but seeing natural resources and seeking medical care are things that happen every day.
The separation of science and religion is only the most recent thing for more than 200 years. In the past, reason was in religion. Religion is not only concerned with the problem of life and death of ghosts and gods. In reality, religions are all looking for rational answers. Religion was born during the fight against primitive sorcery.
For example, at that time, the calendar was promulgated by the church. The earliest hospitals and schools were churches. What they taught and used were all now classified as science.
When the Academy was removed from the church, it actually took away the religion.
Angkor's Hospital - Dragonfly Pool
The same is true of Buddhism. At that time, it took part of the need for rational thinking in the entire social life, instead of thinking about life and death every day. In Angkor, where there is a pool of dragons, there are four pools of fire and water, and hospitals. The pool of water is not the same, and patients with different diseases go to different pools for treatment. This was when the King of Angkor believed in Mahayana Buddhism. This medical system was integrated with the Buddhist system. When Buddhism entered China, there was only one dimension of thinking on the intellectual level, but there was no major change in social life.
Compared to Catholicism in China, if it is not brought into the advanced Western medicine, it is almost impossible to let the rural village husband to change the faith of the foreign religion.
Religion is ostensibly belief, but it is essentially a tool. But it is definitely not a tool for the ruling class to paralyze the people.
The Chinese are such a practical nation, and they must first ask “What is the use?” The majority of Buddhist astronomy and geography tools are in the Tantric region. In the Wu Zetian era, the outstanding scientist - a line of Master, was Tang Mi's successor. He was responsible for the formulation of the court calendar, the observation of the sky, and the meridian measurement. Tang Mi did not pass through Middle-earth, and he went to the Fuso-Fushun country for branching and leaves, inheriting from the Kyoto Dai Temple. Until the Republic of China, the Master Matsugatsu, who graduated from the Buddhist College of the Luojia Tomb, went to Japan to return Tang Mi. Jing'an Temple became the only Tangmi monastery on the mainland.
The reason why Tang Mi did not spread, mainly because the Buddhist geopolitics were sucked into the five elements of China. Interested in this part of the content, you can see Mr. Pan Yuting's book, river map and Hua Yan's comparative study.
After many times of the extermination of Buddhism, Buddhism can be regarded as a mainstream religion in China, or it can be attributed to Chinese deconstruction and become an important part of Chinese culture.
I know what I am saying. The devout brother will call me.
Buddhism took root in China, with favorable conditions and a variety of reasons. Buddhism not only supplemented some of the content of Chinese culture. Chinese culture also melted part of Buddhism. So he can be both harmonious and independent on this land. It should be well explained here that, apart from Buddhism, other religions have not been able to take root in history because there is no such demand.
After another 600 years, China has begun to demand again. The decline of Chinese culture is the decline of its instrumental part. The first is the decline of the mathematics part. Astronomy was formerly known as Taiyi. The study of the law of heaven can also calculate the rise and fall of the dynasty. The Ming Dynasty forbade the private study of Taiyi, so the recession was very severe. In the late Ming Dynasty, many solar eclipses were inaccurate. At this time, Matteo Ricci as a missionary came to China, bringing China to Europe. In geometry, the court switched to the Western algorithm.
This is another slow process. During this process, the Christian world has also undergone changes in science and religion.
So even if Matteo Ricci brought Catholicism
The part that China completely accepts
It is a new school of religion born in the Catholic Church.
The purest nature of thought is the most unreliable, and once it is exchanged, there will certainly be changes.
Thought this thing, once mixed, will never be separated again.
For many years, Master Xuanzang had had many changes to Buddhism in India.
Converting to religion now does not mean abandoning science. It does not split itself into two parts. It returns to science and spirituality to religion. It is because in this year of prosperity, science has developed for so many years and it has begun to approach religion.
What we said earlier is the positioning problem. It is still a positioning issue.
Science has been used for more than 200 years and it has not begun to satisfy us.
We are also looking for positioning
The same rationality behind divinity
We came back to find Buddhism and certainly not a Buddhist monk
But the divine part of religion, the part of ultimate thought
The divinity of Buddha statues in the northern and southern Wei Dynasty was very significant in modern Buddhism.
Micro signal xinjingluopan
All knowledge is history
All science is mathematics
All judgments are statistics
