The Longmen Grottoes (simplified Chinese: 龙门石窟; traditional Chinese: 龍門石窟; pinyin: Lóngmén Shíkū; literally: "Dragon's Gate Grottoes") or Longmen Caves are some of the finest examples of Chinese Buddhist art. Housing tens of thousands of statues of Buddha and his disciples, they are located 12 kilometres (7.5 mi) south of present-day Luoyang in Henan province, China. The images, many once painted, were carved as outside rock reliefs and inside artificial caves excavated from the limestone cliffs of the Xiangshan (香山) and Longmenshan, running east and west. The Yi River (Chinese: 伊河) flows northward between them and the area used to be called Yique (伊阙; "The Gate of the Yi River").The alternative name of "Dragon's Gate Grottoes" derives from the resemblance of the two hills that check the flow of the Yi River to the typical "Chinese gate towers" that once marked the entrance to Luoyang from the south.[4] There are as many as 100,000 statues within the 2,345 caves, ranging from 1 inch (25 mm) to 57 feet (17 m) in height. The area also contains nearly 2,500 stelae and inscriptions, hence the name “Forest of Ancient Stelae", as well as over sixty Buddhist pagodas. Situated in a scenic natural environment, the caves were dug from a 1 kilometre (0.62 mi) stretch of cliff running along both banks of the river. 30% date from the Northern Wei Dynasty and 60% from the Tang Dynasty, caves from other periods accounting for less than 10% of the total.Starting with the Northern Wei Dynasty in 493 AD, patrons and donors included emperors, Wu Zetian, members of the royal family, other rich families, generals, and religious groups.
In 2000 the site was inscribed upon the UNESCO World Heritage List as “an outstanding manifestation of human artistic creativity,” for its perfection of an art form, and for its encapsulation of the cultural sophistication of Tang China.
龙门石窟(简体中文:龙门石窟;中国的传统:龍門石窟;拼音:龙门Shikū;龙门石窟是中国佛教艺术的典范。在河南洛阳以南12公里(7.5英里)处，有成千上万的佛像和他的弟子。图片,很多画后,被雕刻外岩石浮雕和人工洞穴内出土的石灰岩峭壁香山(香山)和龙门山,东部和西部。伊河(中国:伊河)向北流之间和地区过去被称为Yique(伊阙;(《沂河之门》)。“龙门石窟”的另一个名称来源于两座山的相似之处，这两座山阻挡着彝族河流的流向，而典型的“中国门塔”曾经标志着从南方进入洛阳。[4]中国英语学习网在2345个洞穴中有多达10万个雕像，高度从1英寸(25毫米)到57英尺(17米)不等。这里还有近2500座石碑和碑文，因此得名“古石碑林”，还有60多座佛塔。这些洞穴位于风景秀丽的自然环境中，从沿着河两岸的1公里(0.62英里)长的悬崖上挖出。北魏占30%，唐代占60%，其他时期的洞穴占不到10%。从公元493年北魏开始，资助者和资助者包括皇帝、武则天、皇室成员、其他富裕家庭、将军和宗教团体。
2000年，因其艺术形式的完善和对唐人文化底蕴的浓缩，被联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)列入《世界遗产名录》(World Heritage List)，成为“人类艺术创造力的杰出表现”。
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